2024 Nobel Prize in Physics

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Premiul Nobel pentru Fizică 2024 a fost câștigat de John J. Hopfield și Geoffrey E. Hinton, a anunțat în data de 08 Octombrie Academia Suedeză de Științe.

Premiul a fost acordat pentru „descoperiri și invenții fundamentale care permit învățarea automată cu rețele neuronale artificiale”.

„Cei doi laureati ai Premiului Nobel pentru Fizică 2024 au utilizat concepte din fizică pentru a dezvolta metode esențiale în învățarea automată modernă.”

John Hopfield a creat o memorie asociativă capabilă să stocheze și să reconstruiască imagini și alte tipare de date.

Geoffrey Hinton a inventat o metodă care identifică autonom proprietăți în date, permițând îndeplinirea unor sarcini precum recunoașterea unor elemente specifice din imagini.

„Când discutăm despre inteligență artificială, ne referim adesea la învățarea automată folosind rețele neuronale artificiale. Această tehnologie a fost inspirată initial de structura creierului uman. Într-o rețea neuronală artificială, neuronii din creier sunt reprezentați prin noduri care au valori diferite. Aceste noduri se influențează reciproc prin conexiuni care pot fi comparate cu sinapsele, și care pot deveni mai puternice sau mai slabe. Rețeaua este antrenată, de exemplu, prin dezvoltarea unor conexiuni mai puternice între noduri cu valori ridicate simultan. Laureații din acest an au realizat lucrări importante cu rețele neuronale artificiale începând cu anii 1980″, conform detaliilor furnizate pe site-ul premiilor Nobel”.

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2024/summary/

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